4 26 07 : 4 26 07 Ch 19 = Disorders of Personality
1. What they are
2. Group 1 = erratic PDs
3. Group 2 = eccentric PDs
4. Group 3 = fearful PDs
5. Prevalence rates
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Personality disorder
Impaired social relationships
Thought to be common to all PDs
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality What is abnormal?
E.g., having more than 10 fingers
Abnormal is deviant from what society values
Depends on norms
Homosexuality was considered abnormal 20 years ago
Not so today
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Personality disorder
Of behavior, thought, or experience
At odds with social expectations
Conscientious people check whether they locked door
However, checking locks 5 times before leaving
This seems to be beyond normality
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Age and personality disorder
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality DSM IV
All involve disordered social relations to some extent
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Group 1: erratic
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Group 2: eccentric
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Paranoid
Group 3: fearful
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Antisocial personality disorder
Minor thefts
Smoking, fighting at early age
Lying
Breaking other’s property
Breaking rules
Then run-ins with the law
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Antisocial personality disorder
More serious legal problems
Extends to sexual behavior
Increased physical prowess = more capacity to harm
3 x more antisocial diagnoses
Also, behaviors more externalized among males
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
If no antisocial behaviors in childhood, unlikely to develop disorder
If antisocial behaviors in children, most do not develop disorder
However, some do
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
1. Cold-hearted, seemingly unconcerned about others
2. Impulsive, lack of foresight, planning
3. Unstable relationships, unstable work behavior
4. Easily irritated by others
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'look out for yourself'
'it’s a jungle out there; only the strong survive'
'I don’t care what others think of me'
'Life has been hard on me and I deserve some breaks'
'people deserve to be taken'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Antisocial personality disorder
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Antisocial personality disorder
Age
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Unstable relationships
Unstable behavior
Unstable emotions
Unstable self-esteem
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Intense
Emotional
Violent
Strong fears of being abandoned
Can be very angry when sensing break-up
They may idealize other
And then ridicule other
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Burning
Cutting
Suicide attempts
84 hospital patients with diagnosis of borderline
72% had attempted suicide
Most at least 3 times
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Shallow, goals change easily
Opinions may change suddenly
Experimentation with different people, sex
At the core, self viewed as bad
Self-harming quite common
Panic
Anger
Despair
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Vindictive, aggressive
Then shame, guilt, depression
Often undermine own efforts (such as dropping out after investing time in a class)
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'I’m nothing without you'
'I’ll just die if you leave me'
'I hate you'
'I’ll do anything for you'
'I feel empty inside, as though I don’t know who I am'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Oftentimes, overdone physical appearance
E.g., too much makeup
Expressed strongly and frequently
However, they are shallow and easily changed
Suggestible, shallow people
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Basically because of their strong need for attention
Male histrionic = hyper macho, boastful
Female histrionic = hyper feminine, gaudy
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'hey look at me'
'I am happiest when I’m the center of attention'
'Boredom is the pits'
'I usually go with my intuition'
'If I feel like doing it, I just go ahead and do it'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Strong need to be admired
Lack of insight into other’s feelings
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic paradox
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
View own performance andgt; actual performance
May disparage other’s achievements
Snobbish in this way
However, troubled interpersonal relationships
Defensive, aggressive when criticized
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'I’m special'
'The typical rules do not apply to me'
'others should do my bidding'
'I have every reason to expect the best from life'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Group 2: eccentric
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Schizoid personality disorder
Intimate relationships
Or even friendships
Oftentimes, solitary hobbies, solitary jobs
Sex
Food
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Schizoid personality disorder
Socially inept, clumsy
E.g., just staring rather than conversing
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Feeling
Different
Not fitting in
Seemingly odd or eccentric
Oftentimes irrational beliefs
ESP or paranormal phenomena
Magical powers
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Almost akin to hallucinations
Hearing one’s name even when not spoken
Feeling that people are looking at him or her (when not true)
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'are your thoughts sometimes so strong you can hear them?'
'do you sometimes feel that you are gaining or losing energy when touched by people'
'can you let yourself go at a party?'
'do you often want to do the opposite of what people suggest?'
'It’s best not to confide in others'
'Relationships are always messy'
'intimate relationships are unimportant to me'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Paranoid personality disorder
Others are out to exploit me
Other people have suspicious motives
Because these will be used against you
Chance remarks as threats deep with criticism
Frequent lawsuits because of victimization
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'get them before they get you'
'others have ulterior motives'
'I have to be on guard all the time'
'when people act friendly, it probably means they want something from me'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Avoidance of social relationships as a way of avoiding criticism
They do want to be around others
But view such contact as dangerous
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'I am socially inept and undesirable'
'I can’t stand being criticized'
'I don’t want to draw attention to myself'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
Excessive need to be taken care of
Extremely submissive
Wants others to make important life decisions for self
Lots of reassurance seeking from others
Rarely takes the initiative
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'I am weak and need support'
'The worst thing is to be abandoned and left alone'
'I must not offend people who I depend on'
'I need help making decisions'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Extreme ritual
Fondness for rules, schedules
High standards for the self
Will keep old, worn-out clothes
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
'I believe in rules, order, and high standards'
'details are important'
'If you can’t do it perfectly, don’t do it'
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
prevalence
Antisocial 2
Borderline 2
Histrionic 2
Narcissistic andlt; 1
Schizoid andlt; 1
Schizotypal 3
Paranoid 2
Avoidant andlt; 1
Dependent andgt; 3
Obsessive-compulsive 1
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
3 or greater: dependent, schizotypal
2: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, paranoid
1 or less: obsessive-compulsive, narcissistic, schizoid, avoidant
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality : Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality Sex difference?
More men:
More women:
Neither: