An overview of TEI tagging or, Anyone for pizza?: An overview of TEI tagging or, Anyone for pizza?


Basic concepts: Basic concepts The TEI is a modular system, built like a Chicago pizza Each module defines specific elements and attributes Elements are classified structurally and semantically


TEI core modules: TEI core modules Infrastructure defines all named element classes and macros Core the TEI header elements 'common to all kinds of text' Structure 'book-like' structures of prose, verse, drama


Optional modules: Optional modules Alternative structures eg transcribed speech, dictionaries ... Specialist applications linking and alignment; analysis; feature structures; certainty; physical transcription; textual criticism, names and dates; language corpora; manuscript description.... Caution! Under Construction!


There is NO SUCH THING as “the TEI dtd”: There is NO SUCH THING as 'the TEI dtd' TEI Lite (http://www.tei-c.org/Lite/) is our guess at what most people want, most of the time realistic for existing texts, and for new document production, e.g. TEI technical documentation At P5 the task of making your own TEI schema is much simplified


Basic structure(s): Basic structure(s) Every TEI-conformant document comprises a header followed by (at least one) text the header contains: mandatory file description optional encoding, profile and revision descriptions the header is essential for: bibliographic control and identification resource documentation and processing


Structure of a TEI text: Structure of a TEI text A text may be unitary or composite a unitary text contains front matter back matter a body in a composite text, the body is a group of texts (or nested groups)


TEI basic structure: TEI basic structure s


A text usually has divisions : A text usually has divisions generic, hierarchic subdivisions vanilla or numbered type attribute associated head and trailer elements from the divtop class


for example...: for example...


TEI global attributes : TEI global attributes Defined in the core module id for unique identification (to become xml:id) n for (non-unique) name or number rend for rendition (appearance) lang for language (to become xml:lang) Defined in the linking module corresp, synch, ana for specific association types next, prev for aggregating fragmented elements


Character Encoding Recommendations: Character Encoding Recommendations non-normative extend, using standard entity sets or transliteration document transliteration scheme with formal Writing System Declaration


Text components (prose base): Text components (prose base) What are divisions composed of? prose is mostly paragraphs (andlt;pandgt;) verse is mostly lines (andlt;landgt;), sometimes in hierarchic groups (andlt;lgandgt;) drama is mostly speeches (andlt;spandgt;) containing andlt;pandgt; or andlt;landgt; and interspersed with stage directions (andlt;stageandgt;) These may be mixed, and may also appear directly within undivided texts.


Verse: an example: Verse: an example


Drama: an example: Drama: an example


Texts are not just words...: Texts are not just words... … but probably only people know that an encoding may claim to capture just visual salience, just its assumed causes both encoding makes explicit one (or more) sets of interpretations


For example...: For example... And this Indenture further witnesseth that the said Walter Shandy, merchant, in consideration of the said intended marriage...


Slide18: And this Indenture further witnesseth that the said Walter Shandy, merchant, in consideration of the said intended marriage...


Who does the work?: Who does the work? TEI scheme allows for close reading -- and the reverse can tag very detailed features of discourse function can normalise or simplify (e.g. dates numbers, names) … or leave well alone


Core phrase level elements include...: Core phrase level elements include... phrases that are conventionally typographically distinct 'data-like' (names, numbers, dates, times, addresses) editorial intervention (corrections, regularizations, additions, omissions ...) cross references and links


for example...: for example... andlt;headandgt;Of writing lives in general,and particularly of andlt;titleandgt;Pamela andlt;/titleandgt;, with a word by the bye of andlt;nameandgt;Colley Cibberandlt;/nameandgt; and others.andlt;/headandgt; andlt;pandgt;It is a trite but true observation, that andlt;qandgt;examples work more forcibly on the mind than preceptsandlt;/qandgt;.… andlt;pandgt;andlt;nameandgt;Mr. Joseph Andrewsandlt;/nameandgt;, andlt;rsandgt;the hero of our ensuing historyandlt;/rsandgt;, was esteemed to be ...


Direct speech: Direct speech Use the who attribute to show speakers Speeches can be nested in other speeches


Foreign language phrases : Foreign language phrases The xml:lang attribute may be attached to any element Use andlt;foreignandgt; if nothing else is available Use ISO 639-2 code to identify language


Names and other referring strings: Names and other referring strings The andlt;rsandgt; (referring string) element is used for any kind of name or reference


Correction and Regularization: Correction and Regularization andlt;corrandgt; marks a correction andlt;sicandgt; marks a (deliberate) non-correction andlt;regandgt; and andlt;origandgt; for normalization (or the reverse) use singly, or within andlt;choiceandgt; if you want both


A table of green feelds: A table of green feelds


Omissions, Deletions, Additions: Omissions, Deletions, Additions andlt;gapandgt; omission by transcriber andlt;delandgt; and andlt;addandgt; cancellation or addition in source andlt;combineandgt; used to group addition and deletion together andlt;suppliedandgt; insertion by editor andlt;unclearandgt; material uncertain because illegible andlt;damageandgt; physical damage to text carrier


The multiple hierarchy problem: The multiple hierarchy problem SGML allows only one hierarchy at a time Is a document chapter-paragraph-phrase gathering-page-leaf or both? discontinuous segments links and milestones


Boundary markers: Boundary markers page, column, and line breaks (andlt;pbandgt;, andlt;cbandgt;, andlt;lbandgt;) generic andlt;milestoneandgt;


Some chunks are also phrases: Some chunks are also phrases andlt;listandgt; lists of all kinds andlt;noteandgt; notes (authorial or editorial) andlt;figureandgt; pictures or figures andlt;formulaandgt; formulae andlt;tableandgt; tables andlt;biblandgt; bibliographic descriptions


Lists: Lists use andlt;listandgt; for lists of any kind (use type attribute to distinguish) use andlt;labelandgt; in two-column lists as alternative to n attribute may be nested as necessary


for example...: for example...


Figures and graphics: Figures and graphics The presence of a graphic is indicated by the andlt;figureandgt; element The title of the graphic is tagged as a andlt;headandgt; A description of the graphic may be supplied (as a andlt;figDescandgt;) for use by software unable to render the graphic The graphic itself is specified by an external link (URL)


for example... : for example...


Tables: Tables a andlt;tableandgt; element contains andlt;rowandgt;s of andlt;cellandgt;s spanning is indicated by rows and cols attributes role attribute indicates whether row or column holds data or a label embedded tables are permitted


for example...: for example...


Bibliography: Bibliography Use simple andlt;biblandgt; with optional subcomponents: andlt;respStmtandgt; (for any kind of responsibility) or andlt;authorandgt;, andlt;editorandgt;, etc. andlt;titleandgt; with optional level attribute andlt;imprintandgt; groups publication details andlt;biblScopeandgt; adds page references etc. Use andlt;listBiblandgt; for list of references


for example...: for example...


Notes : Notes Use andlt;noteandgt; for notes of any kind (editorial or authorial) if in-line, use place attribute to specify location if out of line, either use target attribute to specify attachment point or mark attachment point as a andlt;refandgt;


for example...: for example...


The Spoken texts module: The Spoken texts module components : andlt;uandgt; andlt;eventandgt; andlt;kinesicandgt; andlt;vocalandgt; andlt;pauseandgt; andlt;shiftandgt; contextual information in header andlt;settingDescandgt; andlt;particDescandgt; facilities for synchronization and timing


Features of speech: Features of speech


Utterances: Utterances Basic unit of discourse, corresponding to speaker turns Optionally grouped into higher-level divisions (andlt;divandgt;s), e.g. to mark discourse function Linked by who attribute to andlt;personandgt; description in header


Vocals and events: Vocals and events Empty elements are used to mark paralinguistic phenomena


Voice quality and prosody: Voice quality and prosody The andlt;shiftandgt; element is used to mark changes in voice quality Other prosodic features may be marked using specific kinds of andlt;segandgt; or entity refs


Another example: Another example


Participant Description: Participant Description


Setting Description: Setting Description eg from P2


Timing: Timing Pausing use andlt;pauseandgt; element Duration use dur attribute Overlap use trans attribute


Overlap: Overlap


Not covered here...: Not covered here... specialised front and back matter dictionaries and terminology analytic tagging segmentation interpretations linking the header tags for documentation