Table of Contents: Table of Contents HIV 101 HIV Life Cycle Life Chart STD’s 101 Chlamydia Gonorrhea HPV Herpes Syphilis Hepatitis


HIV 101: HIV 101 Douglas County AIDS Project


About DCAP: About DCAP To provide direct client services to individuals and families infected and affected by HIV/AIDS in Douglas, Jefferson andamp; Franklin Counties. DCAP also provides leadership and serves as a community resource in the areas of HIV/AIDS education and prevention.


History: History Founded 18 years ago by volunteers to help people with HIV and AIDS… …the agency is still operated with the help of over 80 volunteers!


DCAP Staff: DCAP Staff Kristin Brumm – Executive Director Ralph Blecha – Office Manger Sue Licht-Cliff – Case Management Elizabeth Nicol – Case Management Jim Weatherly – Educational Services


Slide6: 'It’s not what they know that’s the problem; it’s what they know that isn’t so.' Mark Twain


World map: World map


Important to know: Important to know Over 1 million in US infected; 25% undiagnosed 54 – 70% new infections in US from undiagnosed person $1 prevention saves $5-6 treatment


Stats: Stats 40k/yr = 110/day infected in US 4.1 million/yr = 468/hr globally 40 million globally


Who’s at risk?: Who’s at risk? At risk NOT at risk


What have you heard about HIV/AIDS?: What have you heard about HIV/AIDS? Facts Fiction/Myths Perceptions


People say about HIV: People say about HIV


2 teens infected hour poster: 2 teens infected hour poster


What is HIV?: What is HIV? HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS. H - Human: the virus can only infect human beings. I - Immuno-deficiency: the virus stops the body's immune system from working. V - Virus: It reproduces by taking over the machinery of the human cell.


HIV Life Cycle: HIV Life Cycle 1 – Free Virus 2 – Binding / Fusion 3 – Infection 4 – Reverse Transcription 5 – Integration 6 – Transcription 7 – Assembly 8 – Budding 9 – Breaking Free 10 - Maturation


Photo of hiv replication: Photo of hiv replication


How long does it take for HIV to cause AIDS?: How long does it take for HIV to cause AIDS? The average time between HIV infection and an AIDS diagnosis is 8-11 years. Varies greatly depending on a person's health status and behaviors and many other factors. Today there are medical treatments that can slow down the rate at which HIV weakens the immune system.


Can’t see who is infected poster: Can’t see who is infected poster


HIV untreated…: HIV untreated… weakens the immune system to where it has difficulty fighting off certain infections called opportunistic infections (OI). contract infections that can be life-threatening which are usually controlled by a healthy immune system.


AIDS short for…: AIDS short for… A - Acquired: because it's a condition one must acquire. I - Immune: affects the body's immune system, which works to fight off germs such as bacteria and viruses. D - Deficiency: makes the immune system deficient (not work properly) S - Syndrome: someone with AIDS may experience a wide range of different diseases andamp; opportunistic infections.


When is AIDS diagnosed?: When is AIDS diagnosed? T-cell or CD4 counts; andlt; 200 (T-cells part of immune system) After developing one of the CDC-defined AIDS indicator illnesses. Pneumocystis pneumonia Toxoplasmosis Kaposi’s sarcoma (cancer) Mycobacterium avium complex


Infection to Death chart: Infection to Death chart


Drawing of OIs: Drawing of OIs


HIV is transmitted by…: HIV is transmitted by… Blood Semen Vaginal fluids Breast milk Enters open sores, skin tears, mucous lining, tip of penis, etc.


Transmission Routes : Transmission Routes


Common ways transmitted…: Common ways transmitted… Tattoos Piercings Sharing needles


Common ways transmitted…: Common ways transmitted… Maternal/Child Before/During birth Breast feeding


Sexual behaviors that can transmit HIV: Sexual behaviors that can transmit HIV Vaginal sex Anal sex Digital Sex Oral sex


What’s My Risk?: What’s My Risk? Do I come in contact with … Blood Semen Vaginal Fluids Breast milk How often? Length of exposure?


To avoid getting HIV: To avoid getting HIV Prevent the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk of someone who is infected… …from entering your body through your mouth, vagina, anus, tip of your penis, or breaks in your skin.


You can avoid HIV infection: You can avoid HIV infection By abstaining from sex. By having sex with someone you know is not infected. How do you know if someone does not have HIV?


Everyone he’s slept with: Everyone he’s slept with


Safe Sex: Safe Sex


Condoms = Safer Sex: Condoms = Safer Sex


Condoms: Condoms Condoms are barriers which help protect us from blood, semen, and vaginal fluids which may be infected with the HIV virus. Research shows that condoms are 97% effective in preventing transmission of HIV.


Types of Condoms: Types of Condoms Colored Flavored Lubricated Ribbed Novelty


How many oranges can you fit in a condom?: How many oranges can you fit in a condom?


Condom users (& partners)are less likely to get:: Condom users (andamp; partners) are less likely to get: Ureaplasma Bacterial Infection Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Cervical Cancer


Diseases/Infections: Diseases/Infections


Using a Condom Correctly: Using a Condom Correctly Expiration date Check for 'pillow of air' and carefully remove Squeeze tip of condom and place condom on the head of penis. Unroll condom down the shaft of penis Apply lubricant Remove condom avoiding contents Dispose of condom properly


Other prophylactics: Other prophylactics Female Condoms Dental Dams Finger Cots Plastic Wrap


ABC’s: ABC’s Abstain Be truthful Condom


It is important to know:: It is important to know: Most people with HIV infection do not look sick. Most people with HIV infection have not been tested and don't know they are infected.


Get Tested poster: Get Tested poster


HIV testing: HIV testing


How long after a possible exposure should I be tested for HIV?: How long after a possible exposure should I be tested for HIV? '3-6 months - time it takes to test positive for HIV antibodies 97% of all infected individuals develop antibodies within 3 months. In rare cases, it may take up to six months for one to test positive. At this point the results would be 99.9% accurate.


Testing Sites: Testing Sites Lawrence/DG Health Dept. Franklin Co. Health Dept. Watkins Student Health HINU Student Health Planned Parenthood of Lawrence Topeka AIDS Project Kansas City Free Health Clinic Johnson Co. Health Dept.


DCAP provides…: DCAP provides… HIV testing – currently on hold Case management Advocacy Financial Assistance Referral program and services Supportive counseling Volunteer assistance HIV/AID education Family education and support Support Groups


Volunteer Opportunities: Volunteer Opportunities Become a Peer Educator Label condoms/ Adopt a condom bowl Staff informational tables Special events AIDS Walk - April World AIDS Day – Dec. 1st Art Auction – December Assist in Office


Review: Review What are the correct steps to put on a condom? What are the four fluids that transmit HIV?


If you only remember one thing about HIV…: If you only remember one thing about HIV… Transmitted by: Blood Semen Vaginal Fluids Breast Milk


Risk Continuum Chart: Risk Continuum Chart


Nobody likes changes…: Nobody likes changes… … except babies in wet diapers!


DOUGLAS COUNTY AIDS PROJECT: DOUGLAS COUNTY AIDS PROJECT Heath Harding Educational Services 785.843.0040 dcapedu@sunflower.com douglascountyaidsproject.org


STD’s 101: STD’s 101 Douglas County AIDS Project


But Did You Know?: But Did You Know? Today more than 32,000 Americans will be infected with an STD. That is more than 1,300 an hour. More than 370,000 Americans have died of AIDS. Today over 2,700 teens (ages 15-19) will become pregnant. That is one girl every 31 seconds. The most common STD, HPV, causes almost all of cervical cancer, and almost all truly abnormal pap smears


History of STDs: History of STDs Pre 1960 Gonorrhea and syphilis are only major STDs. 1976 Chlamydia recognized as a cause of genital infection. 1981 AIDS is first identified. 1982 Genital herpes became more common.


History of STDs: History of STDs 1992 Pelvic inflamotory disease (PID) : 1 million U.S. women, including 200,000 teenagers, are diagnosed every year with PID. 1996 Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as causing over 90% of cervical cancer. 1997 Eight new sexually transmitted pathogens have been identified since 1980, including 1980.


STDs Today: STDs Today More than 25 significant STDs. Over 15 million Americans get a new STD each year Approximately 2/3 of all STD infections occur in individuals under the age of 25 87% of all reportable communicable diseases in the U.S. are cause by Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B.


STDs infect more individuals today than in the past: STDs infect more individuals today than in the past For example: Genital herpes has spread dramatically in the United States from 1976 to 1994 30% more Americans (of all ethnic groups) are infected with herpes today than 15 years ago. There has been a 500% increase in the number of white teenagers infected in the last 15 years


STD Contacts Chart: STD Contacts Chart


Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Viral (no medical cures exist) Bacterial (medical cures exist) Body Fluid Contact Direct Contact Condoms are more effective Condoms are less effective


Chlamydia: Chlamydia No symptoms in 85% of women and 40% of men Most common non viral STD in the United States, 4 million new infections annually A major cause of pubic inflammatory disease (PID), pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility among women


Incubation Period of Chlamydia : Incubation Period of Chlamydia Most Men and Women have no signs or symptoms. Men: 0-60 days avg. 3-10 days. Women: 0-60 days avg. 10 days.


PID: PID


Gonorrhea: Gonorrhea Males Gonorrhea causes urethritis (discharge and burning upon urination) which may result in urethral strictures or other problems Females Gonorrhea may cause PIV which can result in arthritis, infertility, pelvic pain, and other problems for women Teens A higher percentage of 15-19 year olds are infected with Gonorrhea than any other age group


Incubation Period of Gonorrhea: Incubation Period of Gonorrhea Urethral Gonorrhea in Men. 3-5 days Avg. 30 days Max. Urogenital Infection in Women. 0-10 days 30 days Max. Pharyngeal Gonorrhea.


HPV (Human Papillomavirus): HPV (Human Papillomavirus) The most common viral STD causing over 5.5 million new infections each year Causes genital warts Causes over 90% of cervical cancers Vaccine – 2 strains that cause 70% of cervical cancer andamp; 2 strains that cause 90% of genital warts Cancer slow growing 92% alive after five yrs. if cancer not spread outside of cervical area (NIH)


Herpes: Herpes 21.7% of Americans aged 15-74 (45 million people) tested positive for Herpes type 2 Herpes outbreaks can occur over a lifetime Many people are infected with genital herpes, and yet have never had any symptoms. They can, however, pass on their infection during sexual activity


Types of HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus): Types of HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) HSV 1: Most common causes are sores on the lips. (fever blisters, cold sores). However it can cause genital infections as well. HSV 2: most often causes genital sores, but can also infect the mouth.


Syphilis: Syphilis Highly contagious 8th most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States Increases risk of HIV infection


Incubation Period of Syphilis: Incubation Period of Syphilis Primary syphilis 1-5 weeks, average 3 weeks Secondary syphilis 2-6 weeks, average 4 weeks The characteristic rash may appear as rough, red, or reddish brown spots both on the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet Late Stage – latent for years difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia


Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A Orofecal transmission – contaminated food/water Wash your hands!!!! Flu-like symptoms to no symptoms Typically gets better on its own after several weeks Typically doesn’t cause permanent damage to the liver Vaccine available


Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B Transmission –blood, semen or other body fluid usually gets better on its own after a few months It can easily be passed from mother to newborn Each year, about 5,000 Americans die from Hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and liver cancer Vaccine available


Hepatitis C: Hepatitis C Transmission –usually blood (can be through sexual contact or birthing process) Will not get better on its own May not have symptoms for years The infection can last a lifetime and may lead to liver cancer. Treatment is available; side effects can be a problem No vaccine


Diseases that cause a rash of severe itching: Diseases that cause a rash of severe itching Pubic lice(crabs) Scabies - skin infection caused by an infestation with the microscopic Sarcoptes scabei parasitic mite. little red bumps, most commonly located on the webbing between children's fingers, inner part of their wrist, under their arms, and on their elbows, knees, and along belt line. short zigzag or S shaped lines or burrows


Teens and STDs: Teens and STDs A sexually active 15 year old has a 1 in 8 chance of developing PIV. A 24 year old has a 1 in 80 risk from the same type of sexual encounters 1 in 4 newly infected person with HIV is under the age of 22 About 20% of sexually active teens acquire a new STD each year (around 3 million annually)


Perfect Condom Use: Perfect Condom Use Perfect use means consistent and correct use of condoms What percent of people achieve perfect use? Even with perfect use what risk remains? Condom slippage and breakage STD lesions not covered by condoms HPV and infertility HIV/AIDS


DOUGLAS COUNTY AIDS PROJECT: DOUGLAS COUNTY AIDS PROJECT Heath Harding Educational Services 785.843.0040 dcapedu@sunflower.com douglascountyaidsproject.org