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Slide1: 

Science & Technology Department Embassy of the People’s Republic of China February 2007 China’s S&T Policies & Collaboration with India

Slide2: 

Basic Facts on China’s Science and Technology

China’s Economy in 2006: 

China’s Economy in 2006 Gross Domestic Product (GDP): ¥ 20.94 trillion Yuan (RMB) $ 2,600 billion dollars GDP per capita: ¥ 15,800 RMB $ 1,950 Dollars GDP Growth: Agriculture: 14% Industry: 52% Services: 34% Fourth largest economy in the world Shanghai, Guangzhou $10,000 GDP per capita Large cities $4000-8000 GDP per capita Many rural areas way below $1,000

R&D Activities by Funding Resources: 

R&D Activities by Funding Resources Total funding on R&D ¥ 300 billion RMB in 2006 ($ 38 billion dollars)

Slide5: 

R&D input against GDP: 1995 0.6% 2000 1.0% 2005 1.3% 2020 2.5% 1991～2004 Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D

Central & local governmentS&T appropriation: 

Central & local government S&T appropriation

Slide7: 

GERD in selected countries

R&D expenditure in countries by type of activity : 

R&D expenditure in countries by type of activity

In 2004 S&T papers of selected countries catalogued by SCI, EI and ISTP: 

In 2004 S&T papers of selected countries catalogued by SCI, EI and ISTP  

Slide10: 

Patent applications filed and granted by SIPO

S&T human resources: 

S&T human resources S&T professionals (in 1000 full time equivalents)

Science Diplomats from China: 

Science Diplomats from China About 130 in total of 45 countries A dual administration: dispatched by MOST, managed by MOFA S&T sections with 6-8 persons: Washington DC, London, Paris, Berlin, Brussels, Moscow, Tokyo With 3-4 persons: Rome, NY, SF, Huston, Delhi, Stockholm, Ottawa, Canberra… With 2 persons: LA, Chicago, Seoul, Tel Aviv, Pretoria, Cairo, Prague…

Slide13: 

Challenges and Opportunities

Slide14: 

GDP Growth Rate: China vs. Other Countries China Developing World Average Developed Can China sustain for further 20 years high growing?

China’s success in the past 20 years largely by: : 

China’s success in the past 20 years largely by: Relatively low cost labour forces Abundant domestic market Extensive resources input Assimilation of technology High saving rate (~50%)

Slide16: 

Quadruple Economic Growth 2000 2020 ¥ 40 tn GDP ¥ 10 tn per capita GDP energy consumption reduces 4% each year main pollutants cut 40% by 2020

Slide17: 

Domestic Oil supply and demand

Slide18: 

1982 1986 1988 1997

Slide19: 

Major Achievements on S&T Development (1) Fourth country in the world with technology on launching multiple satellites in single rocket carrier Third country in the world to launch manned space-craft Earth observation

Slide20: 

Major Achievements on S&T Development (2) Optical fibers 3G standard TD-SCDMA Next generation of Internet IPv6 Super hybrid rice and genetic modified anti-pest cotton Vaccines for hepatitis B, bird flu

Critical Problems and Challengesin China S&T: 

Critical Problems and Challenges in China S&T Capacity low on indigenous innovation Enterprises not yet as principal players on innovative activity Quality instead of quantity: efficiency and high value-added Mobilizing resources more effectively on a whole society effort Maintaining a high quality of professionals at national level Creating an atmosphere being critical on scientific research and innovation

Slide22: 

Policy Change in China Science and Technology

 Evolution of S&T Strategies and Policies: 

Evolution of S&T Strategies and Policies 1980: Lean-upon and Face to: Economic development must lean upon advancement of S&T S&T development must face to economic development 1986: Assimilation & Commercialization 1995: Rejuvenating China through Advancement of Science and Education 1996: Sustainable Development 2003: Talent Strategy 2006: Indigenous Innovation

Becoming a Technological Power – Requirements: 

Becoming a Technological Power – Requirements Absorbing foreign S&T knowledge and R&D results – Diffusion Universities and education that embrace science and technology – Expansion Abundant scientific manpower outside the ivory towers – Continued Reform Ample and discretionary financial resources to support R&D – Expansion and Critical Review Institutions and culture that promote science and technology – 2020 S&T Plan

Guideline for China S&T in Next 15 Years: 

Guideline for China S&T in Next 15 Years Indigenous Innovation Frog-leaping in key areas Underpinning development Taking lead to the future

Indigenous Innovation: 

Indigenous Innovation Power of choice in guiding technology development Enterprises as key player in linking universities and marketplace Scientific research not just ends up with papers but with products in markets Special policy package with 60 articles in favour of innovation released in 2006 Technology transfer, absorbing and assimilation

Frog-leaping in Key Areas: 

Frog-leaping in Key Areas Breakthroughs in key strategic areas that are vital to China’s economic & social development : High-techs in IT, bio-, nano-technologies and new energies Special programmes: Moon landing, 150 seat aircrafts, high-yield crop seeds… Role of government fits into socialist market economy A funding agency, not THE funding agency Focused on a model of talent-project-base Creating a platform: labs, information sharing, standards, collaborations Creating an environment for knowledge transfer Further promoting systematic reform

Underpinning Development: 

Underpinning Development Building a modern service industry via ICT, BPO… Upgrading secondary industry to enhance efficiency, energy saving and environmentally friendly Providing adequate and proved technologies to rural development

Institutional innovation: 

Institutional innovation Facilitate enterprises to become key participants in R&D and to play leading roles in innovation Encourage close cooperation among business, academia, and research institutes Reform the education system to make it more friendly to the growth of creative and inventive talents Reform the S&T personnel management Accelerate the development of non-for profit organization Reform government’s management system to improve its efficiency and transparency

Priority Programs (2006-2010) (1) : 

Priority Programs (2006-2010) (1) Core electronic device, high-end universal chips and basic software Supper scale IC manufacturing equipment and technology New generation of broad band wireless mobile communication system High precision digital control lathe and manufacturing equipment Large scale oil and natural gas field and CBM recovery technology Pressurized water reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor power plant

Priority Programs (2006-2010) (2): 

Priority Programs (2006-2010) (2) Water pollution control Gene transformation and new crop variety development New drug development for major diseases Control of major communicable disease e.g. AIDS and hepatitis Large passenger aircraft High definition earth observation system Manned space flight and moon-landing

Slide34: 

S &T Collaboration with India

Current China-India Cooperation: 

Current China-India Cooperation Governmental Cooperation China-India Agreement for Science and Technology Cooperation signed in 1988 Since 1988, twenty agreements / MOUs for S&T cooperation signed between governmental departments of the two countries Enterprises Cooperation Currently about 50 Chinese companies in India, working on 150 projects. Huawei Technology has its largest overseas R&D base in Bangalore, more than 1200 staff Over 150 Indian companies in China, mostly S&T companies, on more than 1000 projects

Future Direction for S&T Cooperation: 

Future Direction for S&T Cooperation Joint Steering Committee for China-India S&T Cooperation established during H.E. Mr. Kapal Sibal’s visit to China in 2006 Proposed Areas of Cooperation Information technology manufacturing technology Meteorology and climate change Biotechnology and nanotechnology Joint Declaration signed during the state visit of the Chinese President H.E. Mr. Hu Jintao to India in November 2006

Future Direction for S&T Cooperation: 

Future Direction for S&T Cooperation Both sides agree to launch joint projects in: earthquake engineering climate change and weather forecasting nano-technology with focus on advanced materials biotechnology and medicines with focus on bio-nano Promote cooperation in civil nuclear energy through multilateral projects such as ITER Strengthen cooperation in the use of space technologies in satellite remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite meteorology, disaster mitigation and satellite launch services