A06-Unit 20 Connect 2

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Preview 8-1 Connecting ideas with and 8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or 8-3 Connecting ideas with so 8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and 8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither 8-6 Connecting ideas with because 8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although CONTENTS

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PREVIEW PUNCTUATION: CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR Elephants eat leaves and brush.

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PREVIEW PUNCTUATION: CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR Flounder are fish all fish live in water. Flounder are fish. All fish live in water. CORRECT

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PREVIEW PUNCTUATION: CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR Carrots onions and celery are vegetables. Carrots onions and celery are vegetables. CORRECT , ,

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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND We had salmon, asparagus, and salad for dinner.

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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE (a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear. , ,

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and connects two words NO COMMA and connects three or more COMMAS 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE (a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear. , ,

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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES (c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear. ,

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and connects two sentences COMMA 8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES (c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear. ,

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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES (d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear. .

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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES (d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear. . period two complete sentences no “and” no comma

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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger. COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ?

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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish. COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ? ,

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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger. COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ?

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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger. COMMA NO COMMA COMMAS ? , ,

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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR I studied for the test, but I failed.

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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR (a) The team played well but didn’t win . (b) Is it going to rain or snow ? (c) Would you like peas carrots squash ? and , but and or “conjunctions” connect items commas series of three or more , , or

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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR (d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick. (e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold? I had the flu . = a sentence I didn’t feel sick . = a sentence , , two complete sentences with but or or comma

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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE and but or COMMA NO COMMA + I love to eat ice cream ____ it gives me a stomachache.

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I love to eat ice cream ____ it gives me a stomachache. 8-2 LET’S PRACTICE but , and but or COMMA NO COMMA +

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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE and , and but or COMMA NO COMMA + She goes to school, studies hard ____ gets good grades.

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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE and but or COMMA NO COMMA + Would you like an apple ____ a banana.

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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE or and but or COMMA NO COMMA + Would you like an apple ____ a banana.

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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO Rajiv got a new bike, so he went for a ride.

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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO , so two independent clauses (a) She was tired, so she took a nap.

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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO So results : cause: She was tired. result: She took a nap. (a) She was tired, so she took a nap.

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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO (a) She was tired, so she took a nap. (b) COMPARE: She was tired, but she didn’t take a nap. but unexpected result

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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE so but He was frightened, ___ he didn’t cry. but

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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE She was lonely, ___ she hugged her stuffed monkey. so so but

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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE His mother told him not to play in the mud, ___ he didn’t listen. but so but

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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND He likes pizza, but I don’t.

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(a) I don’t play tennis , but Jim does . (b) I like racketball , but Jim doesn’t . (c) I won’t be leaving , but Nazan will . (d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t . (e) She isn’t at school , but he is . 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND does = play tennis

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(f) I don’t play tennis , and Jim doesn’t either. (g) I like racketball , and Jim does too. (h) I won’t be leaving , and Nazan won’t either. (i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too. (j) She isn’t at school , and he isn’t either. 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND

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I don’t play tennis , and Jim doesn’t either. I won’t be leaving , and Nazan won’t either. I don’t play tennis , but Jim does . 8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND negative + but + affirmative affirmative + but + negative I like racketball , but Jim doesn’t . negative + and + negative negative + and + negative

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8-4 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR I love to ski, but my sister does too. CORRECT I love to ski, and my sister does too.

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8-4 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR The man is cooking, but the woman isn’t.

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8-4 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does. CORRECT Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram has .

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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER Ms. Poulos plays the violin, and her daughter does too.

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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too . subj + aux + TOO (b) Hyun likes dogs, and so does Sun Hee . SO + aux + subj same meaning

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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER (c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either . subj + aux + EITHER (d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay . NEITHER + aux + subj same meaning

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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER I am too . same meaning (e) I’m happy that we are cooking together. So am I . (f) I’m happy that we are cooking together.

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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER I don’t either . (g) I don’t like bread. Neither do I . (h) I don’t like bread. same meaning

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8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER Me too . (i) I like fruit. Me neither . (j) I don’t like bread. informal English

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8-5 LET’S PRACTICE Emma Jay Amy too Amy is wearing high heels, and _______ ________________. Emma is too June

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8-5 LET’S PRACTICE June Emma Jay Amy Amy wears high heels, and _______ ________________. so does Emma so

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8-5 LET’S PRACTICE June Emma Jay Amy Jay doesn’t have long hair, and ________________. neither does Amy neither

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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE They are happy because they bought a new house.

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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (a) She is smiling because she is happy. because cause reason

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complete sentence 8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling . (c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy . because + subject + verb = an adverb clause complete sentence

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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (d) She is smiling because she is happy . (no comma) MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE main clause + no comma + adverb clause (e) Because she is happy , she is smiling. (comma) MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE adverb clause + comma + main clause

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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (d) She is smiling because she is happy . (no comma) MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE (e) Because she is happy , she is smiling. (comma) MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE same meaning

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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (f) INCORRECT IN WRITING: She is smiling . Because she is happy . must be connected to a main clause Written?

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8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE (g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING : Why is he laughing? Because I told him a joke .

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8-6 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick. CORRECT Her eyes are watering ________________. OR Because she is sick, __________________ her eyes are watering. because she is sick

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8-6 LET’S PRACTICE CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR The woman is happy because she loves her English class.

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8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH Even though we were tired, we didn’t rest.

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(a) Even though I was very sad , I didn’t cry. I did not cry even though I was very sad . 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH

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(a) Even though I was very sad , I didn’t cry. I did not cry even though I was very sad . (b) Although I was very sad , I didn’t cry. I did not cry although I was very sad . even though although same meaning adverb clause 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH +

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(c) Because I was very sad, I cried . (d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry . because expected result even though although unexpected result COMPARE: 8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH

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8-7 LET’S PRACTICE even though because ___________ I wanted to become a doctor, I went to medical school. Because

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8-7 LET’S PRACTICE ___________ it was difficult to become a doctor, I did it anyway. Even though even though because