cellular respiration

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ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration : 

ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Copyright Cmassengale

What Is ATP? : 

What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds Copyright Cmassengale

Chemical Structure of ATP : 

Chemical Structure of ATP 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Adenine Base Copyright Cmassengale

What Does ATP Do for You? : 

What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ENERGY! Copyright Cmassengale

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? : 

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP Copyright Cmassengale

What is the Process Called? : 

What is the Process Called? HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O) H2O Copyright Cmassengale

How Does That Happen? : 

How Does That Happen? ATPase An Enzyme! Copyright Cmassengale

How is ATP Re-Made? : 

How is ATP Re-Made? The reverse of the previous process occurs. Another Enzyme is used! ATP Synthetase Copyright Cmassengale

The ADP-ATP Cycle : 

The ADP-ATP Cycle ATP-ase ATP Synthetase Copyright Cmassengale

When is ATP Made in the Body? : 

When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals Copyright Cmassengale

Cellular Respiration : 

Cellular Respiration Includes pathways that require oxygen Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced Glucose breakdown is therefore an oxidation-reduction reaction Breakdown of one glucose results in 36 to 38 ATP molecules Copyright Cmassengale

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration : 

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration 6CO2 + 6H20 + e- + 36-38ATP’s C6H12O6 + 6O2 YIELDS Copyright Cmassengale

What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration? : 

What Type of Process is Cellular Respiration? An Oxidation-Reduction Process or REDOX Reaction Oxidation of GLUCOSE --> CO2 + H2O (e- removed from C6H12O6) Reduction  O2  to  H2O (e- passed to O2) Copyright Cmassengale

What Carries the Electrons? : 

What Carries the Electrons? NAD+ (nicotinadenine dinucleotide) acts as the energy carrier NAD+ is a coenzyme It’s Reduced to NADH when it picks up two electrons and one hydrogen ion Copyright Cmassengale

Are There Any Other Electron Carriers? : 

Are There Any Other Electron Carriers? YES! Another Coenzyme! FAD+ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) Reduced to FADH2 Copyright Cmassengale

Other Cellular Respiration Facts : 

Other Cellular Respiration Facts Metabolic Pathway that breaks down carbohydrates Process is Exergonic as High-energy Glucose is broken into CO2 and H2O Process is also Catabolic because larger Glucose breaks into smaller molecules Copyright Cmassengale

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? : 

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain Copyright Cmassengale

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? : 

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria Copyright Cmassengale

Review of Mitochondria Structure : 

Review of Mitochondria Structure Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix Copyright Cmassengale

Slide 20: 

Copyright Cmassengale

Diagram of the Process : 

Diagram of the Process Occurs in Cytoplasm Occurs in Matrix Occurs across Cristae Copyright Cmassengale

Glycolysis Summary : 

Glycolysis Summary Takes place in the Cytoplasm Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen) Requires input of 2 ATP Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid Copyright Cmassengale

Glycolysis Summary : 

Glycolysis Summary Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed Copyright Cmassengale

Glycolysis Diagram : 

Glycolysis Diagram Copyright Cmassengale

Slide 25: 

Copyright Cmassengale

Fermentation : 

Fermentation Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic) Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) Nets only 2 ATP Copyright Cmassengale

Krebs Cycle Summary : 

Krebs Cycle Summary Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle Turns twice per glucose molecule Produces two ATP Takes place in matrix of mitochondria Copyright Cmassengale

Krebs Cycle Summary : 

Krebs Cycle Summary Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2, and 2CO2 Therefore, For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces 6NADH, 2FADH2, 4CO2, and 2ATP Copyright Cmassengale

Krebs Cycle : 

Krebs Cycle ATP NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH2, & 2CO2 Copyright Cmassengale

Electron Transport Chain Summary : 

Electron Transport Chain Summary 34 ATP Produced H2O Produced Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose NADH = 3 ATP’s FADH2 = 2 ATP’s Copyright Cmassengale

Electron Transport Chain Animation : 

Electron Transport Chain Animation Copyright Cmassengale