3G-WCDMA-UMTS-Wireless-Networks

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Presentation Transcript

3rd Generation WCDMA / UMTSWireless Network : 

1 3rd Generation WCDMA / UMTSWireless Network Presentation by Tony Sung, MC Lab, IE CUHK10th November 2003

Outline : 

2 Outline Evolution from 2G to 3G WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network Radio Resources Management Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler Handover Control and Power Control Additional Briefs Radio Network Planning Issues High Speed Data Packet Access WCDMA vs Ccdma2000

Outline : 

3 Outline What will not be covered Antenna, RF Propagation and Fading Added Services, e.g. Location Services Certain Technical Aspects, e.g. WCDMA TDD Mode, Base Station Synchronization Detailed Protocol Structures Detailed Design Issues, Optimizations Performance Evaluation cdma2000

Evolution : From 2G to 3G : 

4 Evolution : From 2G to 3G Source : Northstream, Operator Options for 3G Evolution, Feb 2003.

Evolution : From 2G to 3G : 

5 Evolution : From 2G to 3G Fully specified and world-widely valid,Major interfaces should be standardized and open. Supports multimedia and all of its components. Wideband radio access. Services must be independent from radio access technology and is not limited by the network infrastructure. Primary Requirements of a 3G Network

Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS : 

6 Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Role: Create 3G Specifications and Reports 3G is standardized based on the evolved GSM core networks and the supporting Radio Access Technology Source : Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology GSM

Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS : 

7 Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS Introduction of GPRS / E-GPRS 3GPP Release ‘99 Source : Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology

Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS : 

8 Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS 3GPP Release 4 3GPP Release 5-6All IP Vision Source : Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology

Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS : 

9 Standardization of WCDMA / UMTS WCDMA Air Interface, Main Parameters

Outline : 

10 Outline Evolution from 2G to 3G WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network Radio Resources Management Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler Handover Control and Power Control Additional Briefs Radio Network Planning Issues High Speed Data Packet Access WCDMA vs Ccdma2000

UMTS System Architecture : 

11 UMTS System Architecture USIM ME Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B RNC MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN HLR UTRAN CN UE External Networks Cu Uu Iu Iub Iur

UMTS Bearer Services : 

12 UMTS Bearer Services TE MT UTRAN CN IuEDGENODE CNGateway TE End-to-End Service External BearerService Radio Access BearerService BackboneNetwork Service UTRAFDD/TDDService TE/MT LocalBearer Sevice UMTS Bearer Service CN BearerService Radio BearerService Iu BearerService Physical BearerService UMTS

UMTS QoS Classes : 

13 UMTS QoS Classes

UMTS In Detail : 

14 UMTS In Detail USIM ME Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B RNC MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN HLR UTRAN CN UE External Networks Cu Uu Iu Iub Iur

WCDMA Air Interface : 

15 WCDMA Air Interface Wideband CDMA, Overview DS-CDMA, 5 MHz Carrier Spacing, CDMA Gives Frequency Reuse Factor = 1 5 MHz Bandwidth allows Multipath Diversity using Rake Receiver Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) to offer Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) up to 2MHz Fast (1.5kHz) Power Control for Optimal Interference Reduction Services multiplexing with different QoS Real-time / Best-effort 10% Frame Error Rate to 10-6 Bit Error Rate UE UTRAN CN

WCDMA Air Interface : 

16 WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum User 1 User N Spreading Spreading Received Despreading Narrowband Code Gain Frequency Reuse Factor = 1 Wideband Wideband 5 MHz Wideband Signal allows Multipath Diversity with Rake Receiver Wideband Narrowband f f f f f f t t Multipath Delay Profile Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) User 1 Spreading : 256 Wideband f f User 2 Spreading : 16 Wideband f f VSF Allows Bandwidth on Demand. Lower Spreading Factor requires Higher SNR, causing Higher Interference in exchange.

WCDMA Air Interface : 

17 WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN Mapping of Transport Channels and Physical Channels Broadcast Channel (BCH) Forward Access Channel (FACH) Paging Channel (PCH) Random Access Channel (RACH) Dedicated Channel (DCH) Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) Common Packet Channel (CPCH) Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Paging Indication Channel (PICH) CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH) Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH) Highly Differentiated Types of Channels enable best combination of Interference Reduction, QoS and Energy Efficiency,

WCDMA Air Interface : 

18 WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN Common Channels - RACH (uplink) and FACH (downlink) Random Access, No Scheduling Low Setup Time No Feedback Channel, No Fast Power Control, Use Fixed Transmission Power Poor Link-level Performance and Higher Interference Suitable for Short, Discontinuous Packet Data Common Channel - CPCH (uplink) Extension for RACH Reservation across Multiple Frames Can Utilize Fast Power Control, Higher Bit Rate Suitable for Short to Medium Sized Packet Data RACH FACH 1 2 1 3 3 P3 1 P1 CPCH 1 P1 2 P2

WCDMA Air Interface : 

19 WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN Dedicated Channel - DCH (uplink & downlink) Dedicated, Requires Long Channel Setup Procedure Utilizes Fast Power Control Better Link Performance and Smaller Interference Suitable for Large and Continuous Blocks of Data, up to 2Mbps Variable Bitrate in a Frame-by-Frame Basis Shared Channel - DSCH (downlink) Time Division Multiplexed, Fast Allocation Utilizes Fast Power Control Better Link Performance and Smaller Interference Suitable for Large and Bursty Data, up to 2Mbps Variable Bitrate in a Frame-by-Frame Basis DCH (User 1) DCH (User 2) DSCH 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2

WCDMA Air Interface : 

20 WCDMA Air Interface UE UTRAN CN Summary 5 MHz Bandwidth -> High Capacity, Multipath Diversity Variable Spreading Factor -> Bandwidth on Demand RACH CPCH DCH (User 1) DCH (User 2) DSCH FACH 1 2 1 3 3 P3 1 P1 1 P1 2 P2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2

UTRAN : 

21 UTRAN UE UTRAN CN USIM ME Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B RNC MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN HLR UTRAN CN UE External Networks Cu Uu Iu Iub Iur

UTRAN : 

22 UTRAN UE UTRAN CN Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B RNC Iub Iur UTRAN RNS RNS Two Distinct Elements :Base Stations (Node B)Radio Network Controllers (RNC) 1 RNC and 1+ Node Bs are group together to form a Radio Network Sub-system (RNS) Handles all Radio-Related Functionality Soft Handover Radio Resources Management Algorithms Maximization of the commonalities of the PS and CS data handling UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, Overview

UTRAN : 

23 UTRAN UE UTRAN CN Protocol Model for UTRAN Terrestrial Interfaces Derivatives : Iur1, Iur2, Iur3, Iur4 Iub Iu CS Iu PS Iu BC Functions of Node B (Base Station) Air Interface L1 Processing (Channel Coding, Interleaving, Rate Adaptation, Spreading, etc.) Basic RRM, e.g. Inner Loop Power Control

UTRAN : 

24 UTRAN UE UTRAN CN Node B Node B RNC Logical Roles of the RNC Controlling RNC (CRNC) Responsible for the load and congestion control of its own cells CRNC Node B Node B SRNC Serving RNC (SRNC) Terminates : Iu link of user data, Radio Resource Control Signalling Performs : L2 processing of data to/from the radio interface, RRM operations (Handover, Outer Loop Power Control) Drift RNC (DRNC) Performs : Macrodiversity Combining and splitting Node B Node B DRNC Node B Node B SRNC Node B Node B DRNC UE UE Iu Iu Iu Iu Iur Iur

Core Network : 

25 Core Network UE UTRAN CN USIM ME Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B RNC MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN HLR UTRAN CN UE External Networks Cu Uu Iu Iub Iur

Core Network : 

26 Core Network UE UTRAN CN MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN HLR CN External Networks Iu Core Network, Overview Changes From Release ’99 to Release 5 A Seamless Transition from GSM to All-IP 3G Core Network Responsible for Switching and Routing Calls and Data Connections within, and to the External Networks (e.g. PSTN, ISDN and Internet) Divided into CS Network and PS Network

Core Network : 

27 Core Network UE UTRAN CN MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN HLR External Networks Iu-cs Core Network, Release ‘99 CS Domain : Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) Switching CS transactions Visitor Location Register (VLR) Holds a copy of the visiting user’s service profile, and the precise info of the UE’s location Gateway MSC (GMSC) The switch that connects to external networks PS Domain : Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Similar function as MSC/VLR Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Similar function as GMSC Register : Home Location Register (HLR) Stores master copies of users service profiles Stores UE location on the level of MSC/VLR/SGSN Iu-ps

Core Network : 

28 Core Network UE UTRAN CN MGW MGW SGSN GGSN ExternalNetworks Iu-cs Core Network, R5 1st Phase of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Enable standardized approach for IP based service provision Media Resource Function (MRF) Call Session Control Function (CSCF) Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) CS Domain : MSC and GMSC Control Function, can control multiple MGW, hence scalable MSG Replaces MSC for the actual switching and routing PS Domain : Very similar to R’99 with some enhancements Iu-ps MSC GMSC Iu-cs MRF CSCF HSS MGCF Services & Applications Services & Applications IMS Function

Summary : 

29 Summary System Architecture, Bearer Services, QoS Classes WCDMA Air Interface : Spread Spectrum, Transport Channels UTRAN : Roles of RNCs and Node Bs Core Network : Roles of Different Components of R’99 and R5 USIM ME Node B Node B RNC Node B Node B RNC MSC/VLR GMSC SGSN GGSN HLR UTRAN CN UE External Networks Cu Uu Iu Iub Iur

Radio Resources Management : 

30 Radio Resources Management Evolution from 2G to 3G WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network Radio Resources Management Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler Handover Control and Power Control Additional Briefs Radio Network Planning Issues High Speed Data Packet Access WCDMA vs cdma2000

Radio Resources Management : 

31 Radio Resources Management Network Based Functions Admission Control (AC) Handles all new incoming traffic. Check whether new connection can be admitted to the system and generates parameters for it. Load Control (LC) Manages situation when system load exceeds the threshold and some counter measures have to be taken to get system back to a feasible load. Packet Scheduler (PS) Handles all non real time traffic, (packet data users). It decides when a packet transmission is initiated and the bit rate to be used. Connection Based Functions Handover Control (HC) Handles and makes the handover decisions. Controls the active set of Base Stations of MS. Power Control (PC) Maintains radio link quality. Minimize and control the power used in radio interface, thus maximizing the call capacity. Source : Lecture Notes of S-72.238 Wideband CDMA systems, Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology

Network Based Functions : 

32 Network Based Functions RT / NRT : Real-time / Non-Real-time RAB : Radio Access Bearer Source : Lecture Notes of S-72.238 Wideband CDMA systems, Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology

Connection Based Function : 

33 Connection Based Function Power Control Prevent Excessive Interference and Near-far Effect Open-Loop Power Control Rough estimation of path loss from receiving signal Initial power setting, or when no feedback channel is exist Fast Close-Loop Power Control Feedback loop with 1.5kHz cycle to adjust uplink / downlink power to its minimum Even faster than the speed of Rayleigh fading for moderate mobile speeds Outer Loop Power Control Adjust the target SIR setpoint in base station according to the target BER Commanded by RNC Fast Power Control If SIR < SIRTARGET, send “power up” command to MS Outer Loop Power Control If quality < target, increases SIRTARGET

Connection Based Function : 

34 Connection Based Function Handover Softer Handover A MS is in the overlapping coverage of 2 sectors of a base station Concurrent communication via 2 air interface channels 2 channels are maximally combined with rake receiver Soft Handover A MS is in the overlapping coverage of 2 different base stations Concurrent communication via 2 air interface channels Downlink: Maximal combining with rake receiver Uplink: Routed to RNC for selection combining, according to a frame reliability indicator by the base station A Kind of Macrodiversity

Additional Briefs : 

35 Additional Briefs Evolution from 2G to 3G WCDMA / UMTS Architecture Air Interface (WCDMA) Radio Access Network (UTRAN) Core Network Radio Resources Management Admission Control, Load Control, Packet Scheduler Handover Control and Power Control Additional Briefs Radio Network Planning Issues High Speed Data Packet Access WCDMA vs cdma2000

Radio Network Planning Issues : 

36 Radio Network Planning Issues Radio Link Power Budgets Interference margin (loading) + Fast fading margin (power control headroom) + Soft handover gain (macrodiversity) Cell Coverage is obtained Load Factor Estimation of Supported Traffic per Base Station Required SNR, Intracell Interference, Intercell Interference Orthogonality of Channels One of the example: Soft Capacity CDMA has no definite capacity limit Can always “borrow” capacity from other cell or decrease QoS Other Issues Network Sharing Co-planning Inter-operator Interference

HSDPA : 

37 HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access Standardized in 3GPP Release 5 Improves System Capacity and User Data Rates in the Downlink Direction to 10Mbps in a 5MHz Channel Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) Replaces Fast Power Control :User farer from Base Station utilizes a coding and modulation that requires lower Bit Energy to Interference Ratio, leading to a lower throughput Replaces Variable Spreading Factor :Use of more robust coding and fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ, retransmit occurs only between MS and BS) HARQ provides Fast Retransmission with Soft Combining and Incremental Redundancy Soft Combining : Identical Retransmissions Incremental Redundancy : Retransmits Parity Bits only Fast Scheduling Function which is Controlled in the Base Station rather than by the RNC

WCDMA vs cdma2000 : 

38 WCDMA vs cdma2000 Adopted by Telecommunications Industry Association, backward compatible with IS-95, lately moved to 3GPP2 (in contrast to 3GPP for WCDMA) as the CDMA MultiCarrier member of the IMT-2000 family of standard

Wrap Up and Key References : 

39 Wrap Up and Key References What we have been talked about 2G to 3G Evolution WCDMA Air Interface UTRAN Core Network Radio Resources Management Network Planning Issues High Speed Data Packet Access WCDMA vs cdma2000 Key References WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications, 2nd Ed., Edited by Harri Holma and Antti Toskala Overview of UMTS, Guoyou He, Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology Course materials from Course S-72.238 : Wideband CDMA systems, Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology